He died at his home in Los Angeles on Tuesday evening, with the cause of death believed to be complications from pneumonia.
Gore Vidal produced 25 novels, including the best-selling Burr and Myra Breckenridge, more than 200 essays and several plays.
He also ran for political office twice and was a well-known commentator.
His nephew Burr Steers told US media that his uncle had been ill "for quite a while".
He was among a generation of literary writers who were also genuine celebrities - fixtures on chat shows and in gossip columns.
His circle included Tennessee Williams, Orson Welles and Frank Sinatra.
He was also closely linked to the Kennedy family, becoming a confidant of Jackie Kennedy, who was his stepsister.
Vidal ran for a seat in Congress in 1960 and again in 1982, but lost both times.
He wrote his first book aged 19 and later went on to become one of America's most distinguished authors.
But his career path was not straightforward.
His second book, The City and the Pillar, tackled homosexuality, making it highly controversial at the time.
Bookshops refused to stock it, and he was ostracised for most of the 1950s and forced to work under pseudonyms.
In the late 1950s he began to write under his own name again, working on the screenplay to Ben Hur, among other films.
Eventually in the 1970s and 80s he was widely feted for his historical novels based on the lives of US figures such as Abraham Lincoln.
But he was not always comfortable with the literary and political establishment.
He had long-running spats with his contemporaries, conservative pundit William F Buckley Jr and writer Norman Mailer, whom Vidal once likened to killer Charles Manson.
His feud with Buckley was legendary, with the pair coming to blows several times and trading insults on national television while working as pundits on the 1968 Democratic convention.
He once described Truman Capote as a "filthy animal that has found its way into the house."
Born in 1925, Eugene Luther Vidal was the scion of one of America's grandest political dynasties.
His grandfather, TP Gore, was a senator and his father a one-time Secretary of Aviation under President Franklin D Roosevelt.
He was also a distant cousin of former Vice President Al Gore.
He took his mother's maiden name Gore and used it as his first name.
Source: BBC News
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